Inganda ninsinga zinganda amakuru yamakuru

1, igihugu cyacu guteza imbere inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu zitangiza iterambere riturika

Vuba aha, komisiyo ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura ry’igihugu, biro y’ingufu za leta yatanze ibitekerezo biteza imbere imiyoboro y’ubwenge, iteganya ko mu ntangiriro za 2020 yubaka umutekano, ufunguye, uhuza, imikoranire y’ibihugu byombi, imikorere myiza, ubukungu, isuku yo kurengera ibidukikije ya gride ifite ubwenge .Kurikirana iterambere ryubwubatsi bwa gride yubushinwa mubushinwa, guhanga amashanyarazi amashanyarazi bizana ubwenge, amashanyarazi ya gride ya kabili araza!

Umwuga w'amashanyarazi w’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa guhera mu mwaka wa 2011 igenamigambi ry'umusaruro ngarukamwaka wa 2011 rifite trillioni zirenga, zigeze kuri tiriyoni 1,1, mu mwuga w’ubuhanga bw’amashanyarazi mu wa kabiri kugeza ku nganda zikora amamodoka, ibicuruzwa byujuje igipimo kandi umugabane w’isoko ry’imbere urenga 90 %.Hagarara ku burebure bw'isi yose, insinga z'insinga n'insinga z'Ubushinwa byarenze Amerika, na byo bibaye insinga nini nini zitanga insinga nini ku isi.Mugutegura nubunini ni umwuga munini w'amashanyarazi insinga z'amashanyarazi, ninde ushobora gutunga kuyobora?Ninde ushobora kuba hejuru?Ibi bizahinduka umwuga imbere no hanze biha agaciro gakomeye kumutwe.

"Amahitamo akomeye-n'ingaruka zikomeye-mugihe", igihugu cyacu kizaba kinini kandi gitezimbere imiyoboro yubwenge kandi umushinga mushya wa gride uzahuzwa uzubakwa na fujian na Tayiwani.Kurikiza insinga zikoreshwa zikomeje kwiyongera, zifatanije na gride yubwenge kugirango itange amashanyarazi yizewe isabwa gutera imbere, ibibazo bya kabili rimwe na rimwe, byihutirwa kuganira kubuhanga bushya, bwubwenge bwo kugenzura.Kugirango hasuzumwe imiterere nisuzumabumenyi, umugozi urateganya uburyo bwo gusimbuza insinga, kwemeza umutekano wogutanga amashanyarazi kubigo nuburyo bwingenzi bwubuhanga, nabwo bugira akamaro mugucunga insinga muri gride yubwenge bimwe byingenzi cyane.

Kubireba imikoreshereze yubwenge ya grid, izakomeza kwagura icyiciro cyayo cyo gukoresha.Sisitemu yububasha bwubwenge buri murongo uzaba wuzuye, ubuhanga nibipimo byubukungu kandi bifite ubuziranenge byose bigera kurwego mpuzamahanga.
Birashobora kuvugwa ko kubaka gride yubwenge bizatera ibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi guhanga udushya: transformateur irusheho kugira ubwenge, guhinduranya ibintu mubihe byose, ibikoresho byo kurinda relay kuba hamwe nuruvange, insinga izaba ifite ubwenge.Urusobekerane rwubwenge kubisabwa byasabwe kuva rwemeza, kuva kugarura imikorere, isosiyete ikora insinga ihora ishyiraho, itanga "umugozi wubwenge".Kubisanzwe muri rusange ibicuruzwa bisabwa binyuze muri disiki zitandukanye, tezimbere ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe kuva wasuzumye.

Intego yo kubaka gride ikomeye yubwenge mu Bushinwa, ni ukureba niba urusobe rwizewe, reka byoroshye gukoresha no gushira hamwe.Nibisaba amashanyarazi kumurongo wibikoresho bigenda bikomera.Gabanya inzira ya kabili yibitero, ni ugukoresha insinga zujuje ibyangombwa ukurikije umurongo wa kabili wumutekano nuburyo bukoreshwa, kugenzura buri gihe, gusuzuma imiterere.Noneho mumashanyarazi ya ultra-high voltage ashyira fibre optique, nyuma yo gusohora, fibre optique irashobora kugenzura kugirango ibone ubushyuhe bwayo, rwose ibi bihwanye no kumva uruhare, umugozi nubwenge.Imijyi minini ikubye kabiri umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, umwanya ugenda ugabanuka koridoro, umujyi wa kaburimbo munsi yumuvuduko witerambere, icyifuzo kinini cyinsinga.Kandi icyifuzo cyo kurinda insinga hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi zifite agaciro gakomeye ka voltage, hamwe no gukwirakwiza insinga, insimburangingo nibikorwa byasezeranijwe byashyize imbere icyifuzo kinini.

Kugeza ubu, murugo bimwe mu bigo binini n’insinga nini biratangira icyiciro cyubwenge cyubwenge bwa Denver nuggets.Noneho, gride, umuyoboro wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, uruhande rwabakoresha, ikoreshwa ryingufu zagabanijwe, ingufu zizuba, umugozi wogukwirakwiza umuyaga ukoreshwa cyane muri buri cyiciro, icyarimwe, mubidukikije bya gride yubwenge, inganda ya gatatu impinduramatwara, amakuru yimbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa no gukwirakwiza ubuhanga bwo gukoresha buvanga guhuza byuzuye, nkuko insinga ihuza ibyifuzo byubwenge bwubwenge, bwubwenge bivuka mugihe cyamateka.Munsi yubwubatsi bwa gride yububiko bwimuka, hindura insinga ya kabili igaragara.Inganda "zahinduwe" inganda, byanze bikunze zizakirwa nimbaraga zituje zihagaze neza ubwenge bwubwenge.Hamwe nogukoresha kwinshi mubuhanga no gukomeza gutera imbere, sisitemu yimari nayo izagabanuka cyane, kandi biteganijwe ko izahinduka ikinyejana cya 21 kwisi ninganda zikomeye.

2, umuvuduko mwinshi umwotsi muke zero halogen flame retardant umugozi wageragejwe neza

Vuba aha, Isosiyete ikora insinga zo murugo 220 kv zifite ingufu za kabili super igice cya 2500 zageragejwe neza n’umwotsi muke wa zero halogen flame retardant kabili, hamwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura ibikoresho by’ubugenzuzi bw’ibikoresho bigenzura ubuziranenge bwa halogene, umwotsi muke, Ubwoko bwa retardant kwipimisha imikorere, nibindi

Umwotsi muke wa zero halogen niwo uhagarariye umugozi "usukuye".Umwotsi muke wa zeru halogene UKORESHEJWE bibiri cyangwa byinshi bikoreshwa cyane na halogene idafite flame retardants, kugirango ugere kubisubizo byiza, ariko kubera kubika umuriro ni ibintu bidasanzwe, ariko nanone ugomba kongeramo umubare munini, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubintu bya plastike yibintu no gusohora imikorere, biganisha ku bwiza bubi buke buke, hejuru, uburebure butaringaniye, bikunda gucika nizindi nenge, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi make, agace gato kambukiranya umusaruro wa diameter nto ya kabili.Kumugozi mwinshi wa voltage, bitewe nubunini bwubunini bwicyatsi, igice cyambukiranya ni kinini, diameter nini, hamwe na diameter nini yimashini isohora, igitutu cyo gukuramo umusaruro ni kinini cyane, kiragoye, kandi cyoroshye gushyuha kubera gusohora kwa guterana no gukata byateje kubora hakiri kare ya flame retardant, bitera kunanirwa ibikoresho.Umwotsi muke rero zeru halogen mugukoresha umugozi wa voltage mwinshi biragoye kubigeraho.

Isosiyete ikora insinga binyuze mubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire no kugerageza, kubwumwotsi muke wa zeru halogen muburyo bwikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu za kabili kugirango utezimbere, kugirango ukemure insinga bivuye mubibazo, ubuziranenge bwubutaka, uburebure butaringaniye, gucamo nizindi nenge byakunze kubaho, bityo bikagenda neza yateje imbere 220 kv yumuriro mwinshi wa kabili super igice 2500 yari yangiza ibidukikije umwotsi muke zero halogen flame retardant kabel.

Ibibazo bitatu, bitatu byo gutera inkunga bifata umugozi witerambere

Nkumucyo uremereye, inganda zisabwa cyane, imari ya kabili iteza imbere ibibazo byamafaranga mugihe kirekire.Urunani rw’imari shingiro, amasosiyete y'insinga azahita yenda gusenyuka, kubera ko nta mafaranga bari bafite yo kugura ibikoresho fatizo, birashobora kuba bidafite ububiko, kandi munsi y’ibicuruzwa bitanga amashanyarazi ntibishobora gutanga, bizahura n'ingaruka zikomeye.Umuntu uri mumasomo yinyigisho aratekereza, uruganda rukuru rwibanze rushobora guhura numuyoboro muto wo gutera inkunga kandi ntibihagije, igitekerezo cyataye igihe ibyo bibazo bitatu byamafaranga.

Ninzira ntoya yo gutera inkunga.Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete akora insinga arahura n’izamuka ry’ingufu, izamuka ry’ibikoresho, izamuka ry’imishahara, ibikoresho, inyungu nke, ikibazo cyakirwa nko kuzamuka gahoro, umubiri uri mu nganda zikomeye cyane, amasosiyete akora insinga hari hakenewe cyane amafaranga.Ariko mu gihugu cyacu imishinga myinshi itera inkunga insinga shingiro zishingiye gusa ku nkunga ya leta no gutera inkunga banki, amafaranga ntashobora guhaza iterambere ryubucuruzi.Kandi ibice birenga 97% byinganda zikoresha insinga mugihugu cyacu kubigo bito n'ibiciriritse, ibyo bigo kugirango babone inkunga ya leta cyangwa inguzanyo za banki bifite ikibazo kinini.

Icya kabiri, gutera inkunga ntabwo bikomeye bihagije.Ibigo byinshi byinsinga biterwa cyane ninkunga ituruka hanze, yananiwe gukoresha neza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutera inkunga.Ibigo byinshi ntibikoreshwa mugutezimbere ishoramari no kumenyekanisha imari, ntabwo ari byiza gukoresha neza ikoranabuhanga ryarwo ryateye imbere, ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, imiyoborere myiza, nibindi byiza.Ibyiza byingenzi ntibishobora kugaragara muri banki kubushobozi bwiterambere ryayo ni ukubura ikizere, byongeye kandi, umubare wamafaranga yatanzwe muri banki ni menshi, bityo gutera inkunga bikaba bibi.

Bitatu ni ibitekerezo byimari bishaje.Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete menshi ya kabili aracyakoresha ifishi nkinguzanyo zishoramari zikora, fagitire, iki nicyo gitekerezo cya kera, iyobowe ninganda ibikorwa byubuyobozi bwibanze kugarukira, icyerekezo ni gito, kumenya igitekerezo cyo gutera inkunga nibyingenzi kugumaho kera.

Imbere y’umushinga w’insinga kurushaho guteza imbere ibyo bibazo bitatu by’inguzanyo, umuntu uri mu masomo y’inyigisho avuga ko ibigo by’insinga bigomba kubaka inzira nyinshi z’inguzanyo, gukoresha neza inyungu zabo bwite kugira ngo bongere imbaraga mu gutera inkunga, kandi bagumane igitekerezo cyo gutera inkunga hamwe na The Ibihe, kugirango ikibazo cyinkunga gikemuke cyangwa cyoroshye.

Icya kane, insinga z'umuringa ku bidukikije ni munsi ya kabili ya aluminium

Vuba aha, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubushinwa cyakiriye i Beijing ubuzima bwose bwa raporo y’isuzuma ry’ibidukikije ry’umuringa wa aluminium n’umuringa bizagabana, kubera ko aluminiyumu ivanze n’umuringa w’umuringa ku bidukikije mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwose bw’ingaruka zikomeye byatanze isuzuma.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa ukoresheje igipimo kiri hejuru, 98%.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umugozi wumuringa mugukoresha icyiciro cyingaruka ku bidukikije uri munsi y’ingaruka ya kabili ya aluminiyumu.

Injangwe, umuyobozi w’ishuri ry’Ubushinwa rya laboratoire isanzwe y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ubushakashatsi buva mu kugura ibikoresho fatizo, gukora ibicuruzwa, gukoresha ibicuruzwa, gutwara, no guta imyanda mu byiciro bitanu nkubwoko bubiri bw’imipaka ya kabili, yasuzumye amavuta ya aluminium n'umuringa umugozi wubushyuhe bwisi, aside, ubushobozi bwa eutrophasique, uburozi bwabantu, ingaruka zikoreshwa ryingufu.Urebye iterambere rirambye, umuringa urashobora gukoreshwa 100%.Kubwibyo, insinga z'umuringa ku bidukikije ni munsi ya kabili ya aluminium.Byongeye kandi, ugereranije n'umuringa kavukire, umuringa wa kabiri ugereranije ugabanya ingaruka kubidukikije.